Swelling (Edema) in Pregnancy

Swelling, also called edema, is a common experience during pregnancy—especially around 24–28 weeks and later. It usually affects the feet, ankles, and hands, and is caused by changes in blood volume, circulation, and hormones.

1. What Is Edema?

• Edema is the build-up of extra fluid in the body’s tissues, causing noticeable swelling.
  • Most common in the feet, ankles, and hands, but can also affect the face and legs.
  • Mild swelling in pregnancy is normal.

2. Why Does It Happen?

• Increased Blood Volume: Blood and fluid increase by about 50% to support the baby.
  • Hormones: Progesterone and relaxin make blood vessels more permeable, allowing fluid to leak into tissues.
  • Growing Uterus: Presses on pelvic veins, slowing blood return from legs.
  • Gravity: Causes fluid to pool in the lower body, especially feet and ankles.

3. When Is It Most Noticeable?

• Later in the day after standing or walking.
  • In hot weather.
  • After sitting or standing for long periods.

4. Normal vs. Concerning Swelling

Normal:
• Gradual, mild swelling in feet, ankles, and sometimes hands.
• Improves with rest, hydration, and elevation.

Seek medical advice if swelling is:
• Sudden or severe, especially in the face and hands.
• Accompanied by headaches, blurred vision, or high blood pressure (possible preeclampsia).
• Only in one leg, with pain or redness (possible blood clot/DVT).

5. Coping Strategies

• Elevate your feet when resting.
  • Avoid standing for long periods.
  • Sleep on your left side to improve circulation.
  • Wear comfortable shoes and avoid tight socks.
  • Drink plenty of water to flush excess sodium.
  • Gentle exercise like walking or swimming helps circulation.
  • Compression stockings may reduce swelling.

6. Outlook

Most swelling in pregnancy is harmless and temporary. It usually improves after delivery as the body releases extra fluid.

Summary

Swelling in pregnancy happens due to increased blood volume, hormones, and pressure from the uterus. It is usually harmless, but sudden or severe swelling may be a warning sign of complications and should be checked.